Maldives-a paradise on earth Essay

The Republic of Maldives consists of 1,190 islands (fewer than 200 are inhabited) in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka. The Maldives has a population of 270,000, of which about 70,000 reside in Male, the capital city. Beautiful atolls, inhabited by over 1,100 species of fish and other sea life, attract thousands of visitors each year. Tourism facilities are well developed on the resort islands. The Tsunami of December 26, 2004 caused some damage to several hotels and facilities on some of the islands. Most of the tourism infrastructure remains intact. Travelers planning to visit the Maldives should consult with travel agencies or the Maldivian Tourist Board to ensure their itineraries take this event into consideration. Read the Department of State Background Notes on Maldives for additional information. ENTRY/EXIT REQUIREMENTS: A valid passport, along with an onward/return ticket and sufficient funds, is required for entry. A no-cost visitor visa valid for thirty days is issued upon arrival. The Department of Immigration and Emigration routinely approves requests for extension of stays up to ninety days for travelers who present evidence of sufficient funds and who stay in a resort or hotel or present a letter from a local sponsor. Anyone staying over sixty days without proper authorization faces heavy fines and deportation. All visitors departing the Republic of the Maldives (except diplomats and certain exempted travelers) must pay an airport departure tax. Travelers need a yellow fever immunization if they are arriving from an infected area. Arrival by private boat: Travelers arriving by private yacht or boat are granted no-cost visas, usually valid until the expected date of departure. Vessels anchoring in atolls other than Male must have prior clearance through agents in Male. Maldivian customs, police and/or representatives of Maldivian immigration will meet all vessels, regardless of where they anchor. Vessels arriving with a dog on board will be permitted anchorage, but the dog will not be allowed off the vessel. Any firearms or ammunition on board will be held for bond until the vessel’s departure. Specific inquiries should be addressed to the Maldives High Commission in  Colombo, Sri Lanka at No. 24, Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, telephone (94) (11) 2580076/2586762/2500943, or the Maldives Mission to the U.N. in New York, telephone (212) 599-6194. See our Foreign Entry Requirements brochure for more information on the Maldives and other countries. Visit the website of the Maldives Permanent Mission to the United Nations at http://www.un.int/maldives/ for the most current visa information. Find more information about Entry and Exit Requirements pertaining to dual nationality and the prevention of international child abduction. Please refer to our Customs Information to learn more about customs regulations. SAFETY AND SECURITY: For the latest security information, Americans traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department’s Internet web site at http://travel.state.gov where the current Travel Warnings and Public Announcements, including the Worldwide Caution Public Announcement, can be found. Up-to-date information on safety and security can also be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the U.S., or for callers outside the U.S. and Canada, a regular toll-line at 1-202-501-4444. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). The Department of State urges American citizens to take responsibility for their own personal security while traveling overseas. For general information about appropriate measures travelers can take to protect themselves in an overseas environment, see the Department of State’s pamphlet A Safe Trip Abroad. CRIME: The Maldives has a low crime rate, but thefts of valuables left unattended on beaches or in hotels does occur. INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport  should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. If you are the victim of a crime while overseas, in addition to reporting to local police, please contact the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate for assistance. The Embassy/Consulate staff can, for example, assist you to find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends and explain how funds could be transferred. Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime is solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you to understand the local criminal justice process and to find an attorney if needed. See our information on Victims of Crime. MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: The Maldives has limited medical facilities. There are two hospitals in Male: the government-owned Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital (IGM) and the privately-owned Abduarahman Don Kaleyfan Hospital (ADK). ADK accepts some insurance plans, but IGM does not. The hospitals perform general, orthopedic and neurosurgery, but the Maldives has no trauma units, and spinal surgery is not available. Persons needing treatments not offered in the Maldives require evacuation to the nearest adequate medical facility, such as in Singapore. Two recompression chambers are available in the Maldives. One is on Bandos Island (fifteen minutes by speedboat from Male) and the other is in Kuramathi (one hour by speed boat and about twenty minutes by air taxi from Male.) Information on vaccinations and other health precautions, such as safe food and water precautions and insect bite protection, may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s hotline for international travelers at 1-877-FYI-TRIP (1-877-394-8747); fax 1-888-CDC-FAXX (1-888-232-3299), or via the CDC’s Internet site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad consult the World Health Organization’s (WHO) website at http://www.who.int/en. Further health information for travelers is available at http://www.who.int/ith. MEDICAL INSURANCE: The Department of State strongly urges Americans to consult with their medical insurance company prior to traveling abroad to confirm whether their policy applies overseas and whether it will cover emergency expenses such as a medical evacuation. Please see our information on medical insurance overseas. TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States. The information below concerning the Maldives is provided for general reference only, and may not be totally accurate in a particular location or circumstance. Only a few of the islands are big enough to support automobiles. Most transportation in the Maldives is by boat or seaplane (air taxi). The Maldives has good safety standards for land, sea, and air travel. Roads in Male and on the airport island are brick and generally well maintained. Dirt roads on resort islands are well kept by the resorts. Transportation on the small island on which the capital, Male, is situated is either by foot or by readily-available taxis. Transportation between the airport and Male, as well as to nearby resort islands, is by motorized water taxi and speedboat. Several local companies provide seaplane and helicopter service to outlying islands. Air taxis stop flying one hour before sunset, and several resorts do not transport passengers by boat between the airport and the resort island later than one hour before sunset. Visitors to distant resorts arriving in the country at night can expect to stay overnight at a hotel in Male or at the airport hotel and should confirm transfer arrangements in advance. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Religious Laws: Public observance of any religion other than Islam is prohibited. Religious gatherings such as Bible study groups are prohibited; however, a family unit may practice its religion, including Bible readings, within its residence. It is against the law to invite or encourage Maldivian  citizens to attend these gatherings. Offenders may face jail sentences, expulsion and/or fines. In the past, several non-Maldivian families resident in the Maldives, including some Americans, were expelled for allegedly engaging in religious proselytizing. Although Maldivian law prohibits importing â€Å"idols for religious worship,† tourists traveling to the resort islands are generally allowed to bring in items and texts used for personal religious observances. Currency: Credit cards are increasingly accepted outside large hotels and resorts; cash payment in dollars is accepted at most retail shops and restaurants and by taxi drivers.

Assessment of the Interactive Behavior Style

According to the DISC Platinum Rule Assessment, the â€Å"Interactive† behavior style defines people who are highly focused on other people. They love being around groups and they are fond of being involved in groups. They are generally extroverts and they do not like to be alone. They love working with other people. And they are very sociable. According to the assessment, people who are â€Å"interactive† get their motivation from being around other people. Their ultimate goal is to get other people’s recognition. They want to earn applause, acceptance, and complements.If recognition from other people is not present, they will ultimately lose their interest in whatever they are doing. Their drive to strive for their goals comes from other people. Most of the time, their ultimate goal is to earn to be appreciated. As for their decision making and their lifestyles, people categorized under the â€Å"interactive† behavior are very fast paced. They do not lik e routines. They are very spontaneous. Because of their liveliness, they usually want to do a lot of things all at the same time. Even if they are still involved with one activity, they jump to another task. That is why they often end up so disorganized.Aside from disliking everyday habitual activities, interactive people also don’t like facts. They do not like details. Instead, they generalize information. They base their conclusions on â€Å"guesstimates† than on highly objective and empirical data. That is why they often exaggerate. Interactive people also work well with others. Because they are sociable, they usually tend to attract the attention of others. They also have the ability to motivate others in order to work towards a common goal that they also pursue. They are perfect for those professions and careers that require excellent rapport with other people.They should be in the field of sales, entertainment, public relations, social welfare, and the like. Appl ication of Strengths and Weaknesses Just like what the assessment states, I am optimistic. I see life as an opportunity to do various activities. I am positive and cheerful. Everyday, my greatest accomplishment seems to stem from fulfilling one or two lively activities. Even if there is really nothing to do outside, I make it a point to go out and to look for something that I can occupy myself with. I love being around other people and that is probably why I value my friends so much.I also like going to parties and other social activities. I make it a point to form new friends despite the fact that I already have many acquaintances. Whenever I go to social gatherings, I make it a point to meet a new friend. I am one of those few people that you cannot alienate even if you expose me to groups of people that I do not know. I am also persuasive and very motivating. I can easily talk my friends into doing something I believe is terrific. In addition to that, I am very enthusiastic. I th ink it is a total waste of time to be lying around and doing nothing.I love engaging in various activities, even those which I am not very familiar with. I am passionate about living life to the fullest. However, because I do love engaging in many activities, I often become careless primarily because I am often preoccupied with so many things all at the same time. This is also probably the reason why I often end up being disorganized. My initially planned schedule for the day often gets tangled with the other activities that I usually want to slip in it. Analysis of the behavior assessment The analysis seems to be quite accurate in describing the prime motivators, strengths, and weaknesses of a person.The data yielded is very useful primarily because it was very thorough in describing the assessed person. It includes the possible conflicts associated with his set of strengths and weaknesses, as well as the possible steps that can be taken to solve such conflicts. The data provided i n the assessment can largely contribute to overall self-improvement. Understanding your tendencies and gaining insight on your personality can improve rapport and communication with other people. It can predict job performance and potential leadership skills (Kierstead, 1998). It can also be used in understanding the personalities of other people.In a personal case, it can help one concentrate on his strengths while altering his weaknesses. However, it should be noted that people should not confine their identities to the discussed test results (Carey,2004). Also, I have noticed that some characteristics of a particular behavior type often overlap some of the traits of the other types. Though the delineation between the types is often very obvious in the initial description, the question of exclusivity between the characteristics can be observed in the specific details of the subtypes of the behavior assessment.Also, although the results of the assessments are quite accurate, it sho uld be noted that people should not confine their self concept with the descriptions provided by behavioral evaluation, no matter how elaborate they are. Regardless of how complete and concise the assessment results are, people should realize that the results were based on a personality evaluation taken during a certain period of time at a certain moment in a person’s life. In simple terms, it is relatively an accurate assessment of someone’s here and now.It should be noted that people are rapidly evolving beings that can radically alter their behavior and personality over time, based on the set of experiences and challenges that come their way. A person with an interactive behavior type can transform into one who has a cautious or dominant behavior after having one of those life changing experiences or major life turn points. Basically, a technical generalization of the personalities of men should not be regarded as the sole indicator of how a person should be interpr eted.It should not be sued as a basis of what kind of people should one get along with. Confining your analysis of people into four types or sixteen subtypes can greatly promote stereotyping. As such, these should not be used as the sole basis of interaction with other people. In order to ascertain the adaptability and the efficiency of this behavior evaluation, such forms of assessments should be taken regularly in order to form comprehensive and accurate concepts of one’s self.

Advantages and limitations of research methodology

Advantages and limitations of research methodology This chapter explains about the research methodology used in this project. It tells about the advantages and limitations of the method selected. The method used in this business project is Case Study research methodology. Case study attempts to describe relationships that exist in reality, mostly in a single organisation. Case study depends on the approach of the person conducting research, the data collected and the analytical technique used. Reality can be found in detailed manner by researcher, than it is possible through experiment or surveys, with the analysis of more variables. This research methodology is a useful technique as new ideas and theories can be built and tested. Case study analysis provides an opportunity to study the details in its natural settings. By using case study analysis, researcher can ask ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions in order to understand the complexity of each and every process taking place. Case study analysis provides multiple methods to collect data and gather information from any people, group or organisations. In this case study research methodology, the type of data used for research purpose is secondary data. Secondary data is some form of existing information that is already collected for some purpose. Secondary data can be collected by means of library research. The advantage of using secondary data is that the data has been already collected and the researcher can directly make use of the already collected data. Another advantage of using secondary data is the depth of details available. Also the data collection process in secondary data is performed by experts and professionals so the details present in it will be accurate and exact. This project examines the Customer Relationship Management and how it influences the organisation’s sustainability and stability. In the case study analysis, the importance of Customer Relationship Management is clearly understood. Also the case study of eBay is analysed and investigated. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter examines the most relevant and current literature on E-Business and E-commerce and the process of Customer Relationship Management. It also examines the importance of Customer Relationship Management to improve firm’s performance. This business project has been drawn from a range of theoretical works. This chapter will also identify the relevant areas in relation to the objectives of this project using the following literatures: E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE: According to (Adnam, R.Z. 2003), in the emerging global economy, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. E-Business is all about the use of internet by any organisation to sell or exchange their products and services to make profits. E-Business is defined as the organised effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, products and services that satisfy so ciety’s needs through the facilities available on the internet (Canzer, B. et. al., 2003). E-Commerce is the use of electronic communication channels and processing data in the digital format for any sort of business activities that create value. E-Commerce is the use of the internet and the web to transact business; more formally, digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organisations and individuals (Laudon and Traver, 2007). E-Commerce is the use of electronic communication and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform and redefine relationships for value creation (Adnam, R.Z. 2003). The use of E-Commerce has changed the way the business is taking place and has changed the way the organisation handles its customers and competitors. . Electronic commerce has the potential to radically alter some economic activities and surrounding social environment (Wyckoff and Colecchia, 1999). E-Commerce is rapidly reshapin g the way companies compete with their competitors in an attempt to acquire a greater market share (Chou, 2001).

Five Guy's Proposal Preparation Plan Term Paper

Five Guy's Proposal Preparation Plan - Term Paper Example To ensure maintenance of quality food service equipment’s, periodic renovations will be carried out. For taxation purposes and proper maintenance of books of accounts, a professional qualified head cashier will be responsible for the actions of junior cashiers. Insurance policies have to be designed. In the formulation of these policies, fire accidents must be given priority, taking into account the various forms of heat transmission that substitute the term fire. Injury of employees while in work or clients while at the work place must be considered as well. Therefore, in addressing these concerns, sub-contracting of services will be made. Cleaning services will be sub-contracted to a cleaning agency which must ensure the facilities are hygienic at all times. There will be consultations with employment agencies in search of qualified personnel for the different job levels. Consequently, consultations will involve more than one employment agency. In ensuring operator maintenan ce, in additional to the subcontracted maintainer, there will be a technician to keep the system in check who will report to the contracted maintainer. Condensed Proposal Plan Executive Summary My perceived business idea is establishing a quality food joint accessible to all. It will stand out from the neighboring joints in the following ways: Reasonable prices will be charged to accommodate all level of income earners, service will be available for 24 hours every day to cater for those who work on nightshifts, equal treatment of all clients regardless of background, these among others will be facilitated by the fact that all employees are carefully chosen and selected from the employment agencies (Murray, 2008). Thus, quality service will be one of the unique characteristic which will aid progress. The food firm is a cost center itself; customers are the only profit center. Every function will take customer satisfaction into consideration. Costs will be high before the implementati on of this idea; consequently, large amount of finances will be required, and their recovery will be made along the way. Management Team It will comprise of five professionals, who have experience in different fields. This will ensure efficient running of operations and adherence of laws (Finch, 2006). Service Provision of healthy foods to replace junk foods sold in the market. Prices of these foods will be reasonable compared to the current junk food prices in the market. Customer willingness to pay a slightly higher price for healthy cooked foods will increase sales. Market and competition Food is a basic necessity (Freed, 2010). Targeted customers are the general public. There are no major competitors, due to the absence of healthy foods outlet in this locality. The market is wide, eventually, branches will be established. Competitors might enter the market; as a result, patents and rights will be acquired prior to operations to avoid unhealthy competition. We will remain the lea der. Marketing and Sales Initially, print advertising will be employed. Word of mouth advertising will be employed by clients once they visit the joint. Investment in this will be minimal. Sales will be low at the beginning, promotion will be effected, as time progresses they will reach the break-even point with no difficulty. Production Process and System Production will encompass scientific food mixing

Starbucks and Its Difficulties During the Time of Economic Hardship Case Study

Starbucks and Its Difficulties During the Time of Economic Hardship - Case Study Example Branded firms have their unique approaches to improving their market reach, brand image of the product, and maintain the quality standard of the product. Keeping in view the rapid rate of their expansion and growth at multiple locations these companies manipulated their marketing strategy according to the location since different locations offered different marketing environment (Larson. 2008). These companies focused more on its quality standard by critically handling the entire process involved from the purchase of raw materials till it's possession by its end user. These companies took a great care of each and every step to avoid compromising the quality standard of their products. In case of Starbucks Corporation, the firm created a coffee culture and also provided an atmosphere of relaxation for their customers who helped them in bringing the concept of â€Å"third place† where the first and second places were considered to be the home and office respectively (Larson, R. (2008). Many efforts are made by these companies under its strategic approach towards marketing to gain their customers’ trust and offer a value-based service to their customers. The companies also face problems due to variations in their customer group which varies with the location. Under such circumstances, these companies faced challenges which were mainly of following types, what mode should be used by the company to exist in the international market, how they should design their product offering to their customers keeping in mind the variations among the behavior of customer group. Along with it, another major challenge for such companies was to compete with other brands of the same industry serving globally to their customers. The marketing strategies adopted by Starbucks Corporation worked like a magnet which drove their customers to do things as per the company’s expectation (Carroll. 2007). A brand name in watchmaking industry is Maurice Lacroix which is famo us for its luxurious watches adopted strategy to promote their product and also form the alliance with a brand name in movies production house Dream Works for their film named Time Machine.

Sexual Predator Prosecution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Sexual Predator Prosecution - Research Paper Example In order to further prevent their predatory activity, the registered sex offenders are prohibited to own or have in their possession a certain type of motor vehicle such as the ones used for the retail sale of frozen desserts which can hide children in it (New York State, 2006). These laws are constantly reviewed. A sexual offender that is registered and under surveillance who refuses to provide the necessary information demanded of him such as any change of address or address of the work location may be charged with class E felony once convicted. This means that he is bound to stay in prison for a period over a year. This also applies to the sexual offender that fails to comply with the laws on telephone use with special numbers or the internet restrictions on certain websites. If the offender commits the same crime twice or is convicted for the second time, then he will be charged with class D felony making him go back to prison for another term of not less than a year. If the sexual offender violates the section of the act on the issue of motor vehicle used, he is charged with class A misdemeanor which means he will go to prison for a term of not more than a year (New York State, 2006). The mandatory conditions given to sexual offenders and which is specified under several of Congress laws such as 18 U.S.C. 3583(d) and U.S.S.G 5D1.3 (a) specify that the defendant should not commit another offense while he is under supervision by the parole officer. He is also to avoid from use of control substances unlawfully and this may necessitate drug testing on an impromptu basis. The defendant is to also try and make restitution with the victim of the offense he committed which will under the supervision of the parole officer or even a police officer depending on the victim’s request but never alone (Brown & Campbell, 2010). The discretionary conditions imposed by the court only take place when there is

Application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Application - Assignment Example Objective examination of the mentioned variables seeks to establish a relationship between the factors influencing teacher-student communication within a learning environment. The research article subscribes to the fact that student nonverbal responses are a desirable behavior among teachers in a college context (Malachowski and Martin 142). It acknowledges that all students will not engage in constructive communication through verbal means. In this regard, there is a need to understand how teachers can effectively use nonverbal communication in sourcing desired information from students. B. Theoretical Background Numerous studies suggest that students’ nonverbal responses influence a teacher’s degree of self-efficacy and job satisfaction. In addition, students respond differently to classroom instructions based on their perception on the instructing teacher (Malachowski and Martin 143). In this context, it is inherent to acknowledge the element of nonverbal immediacy d epicted by a teacher within a class room. Previous studies show that nonverbal immediacy influences students’ willingness to comply with a teacher’s instructions. On the other hand, the aspect of communication apprehension affects effectiveness of communication between teachers and students in college classrooms. High levels of Communication Apprehension, which involves an exaggerated sense of fear and anxiety, act as a negative influence on a teacher’s communications. Subsequently, students experiences discomfort and dissatisfaction whenever their teacher elicits substantial degrees of communication apprehension (Malachowski and Martin 143). Thorough evaluation of these variables within teacher population suggests existence of a relationship between them and the students’ nonverbal responses. In this regard, it is worth establishing an objective and reliable relationship between the variables mentioned above. Therefore, this research article provides a d etailed analysis on the quantitative nature of relevant variables within a learning setting. II. Description of Research Results a) Nonverbal Immediacy The entire study inclines towards hypothesis containing paired variables regarding teacher’s perception on students’ nonverbal responses, and their individual patterns in nonverbal communication. On the aspect of nonverbal immediacy, results depict a positive relationship between instructor’s perception on nonverbal immediacy and their perception on students’ nonverbal responsiveness. Quantitative analysis of the variables yields a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.56 (Malachowski and Martin 146). Theoretical knowledge ascertains that nonverbal immediacy influences the physical and psychological distance between communicating parties. In learning, instructors displaying minimum physical and emotional contact with their students receive more and objective attention compared to those eliciting behavioral arousal and attention among students. b) Confirmation Behaviors The second hypothesis relates the variable of confirming behaviors and the instructor’s perception on students’ nonverbal responses. Quantitative analysis yields a Pearson coefficient of 0.33, which suggests existence of a positive relationship between the two variables. Confirmation behaviors refer to instructor’s perception on students’ perception concerning their resourcefulness, significance and acknowledgement within a classroom. The relation coefficie

Profession of arms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profession of arms - Essay Example Professional application of arms during wars is a legend in all the communities while most of them were remarkable for the prudential epitome carried by certain arms in particular. The war-booting tactics designed by the kings were based on the professional assumptions of different kinds of fighting styles involved in wars mainly by focusing on the geographical features of the war-field. It is not exaggerating that arms governed political defragmentation even in the ancient times. Later, as part of the provincial developments, several combat concepts like soldiers, knights, weapons, arsenal and everything evolved and the idea of profession of arms was introduced universally. It was centuries and centuries did man take to evolve from the self defensive stone pelting to the technology that has been used presently. Though the history of human civilization takes the road to the time when man used stones and sticks as his primary arms, it is incredibly true that the world presently is an armory of sophisticated arms to deal the wishful deeds of human combating strategies. After the journey that lasted several hundreds of years, the research in arm designing has reached at a stage where even information technology can be a fatal weapon in the frontline. Information in war refers to the observable facts about target regions which were conventionally transferred manually. Modern designation of information has been powered by scientific and cybernetic tools to locate and analyze the targets of political interest. However, it has become a curse of civilians in many countries whose daily life in a densely populated city is vulnerable to the targets of terrorists and enemy countries. Thus it can be seen that development in technology has brought the modern arsenal views together into a compacted design of digitally governed information database with which countries are capable of managing their defense tactics

Community health services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community health services - Assignment Example Top of this list are the aged in the society who form the majority of residents at the home. These can be admitted for either short term or long term stay depending on their individual conditions. Another group of individuals accommodated at the center are the elderly who require memory care such as those suffering from Alzheimer’s. The main goal of this facility is to ensure that the aged in the society live a quality life. Presently, the residents come from a range of cultural backgrounds but the majority is white males. Patients have to book in advance before they are admitted. The facility is well equipped with trained medical personnel who are on call on a 24 hour basis to cater for the needs of the clients and ensure they get the care that they need throughout the day and night. Payment in this facility is by the use of personal cheques while payment through insurance agencies can be arranged. In case of any emergencies, the facility has working relationships with nearby hospitals and patients can be transferred at no extra cost although it operates as a stand-alone facility. This facility caters for war veterans. These are individuals who served in the military, air service or the naval forces. These people have the right to access these services as long as they were not discharged dishonorably from the force. As such, this clinic comprises of patient s from a wide range of cultural background. The members of the National Guard are also eligible to access these health services. All the patients are screened before admission at the clinic. The facility provides care that is personalized to their specific needs. Attached to this center is a list of physicians, nurses and dentists who ensure that the patients get the best possible care while they are at this center, ranging from dental to therapeutic services.The facility is closely connected to other veteran care centers around the country. In this facility payment is by both Medicare and

Willingness to Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Willingness to Pay - Essay Example The contingent valuation methodology was adopted in drafting the questionnaires that were used in collecting the data to be used in the analysis. An approximate 72% of all the participants who responded to the questionnaires indicated willingness to pay for the conservation though at varying levels. This therefore pointed out that the public in many instances are willing to contribute towards the improvement of the quality of the environment. The study employed use of logistic regression procedures in comparison of the persons who were willing and not willing to contribute actively in improving the environmental quality. Through the contingent valuation analysis, the use value as well as non-use value of natural resources and environmental quality can be established. This method therefore involves a hypothetical scene to establish the willingness to pay of individuals on such natural resources and quality of environment. Hypothetical case studies are often used in such a situation where after describing such a case to the respondent, he/she is then expected to quote the amount of money he/she would be willing to pay for the environmental quality. Reasons expressed for willingness to pay would therefore form the basis of policymaking especially as regards to legislation on environmental conservation and management. In often cases such as was revealed through the case study, non-use values like existence value were cited most as reasons why many people would be willing to pay for conserving natural environment or such a natural park. This study therefore shows that valuation of gains from natural reso urces and environment would contribute greatly towards efforts and willingness of people to pay for such conservations. Han, F., Yang, Z., Wang, H., & Xu, X. (2011). Estimating willingness to pay for environment conservation: A contingent valuation study of kanas nature reserve, xinjiang, china. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,

The Causes That Led to the Revolutionary War Essay Example for Free

The Causes That Led to the Revolutionary War Essay The Revolutionary War began in 1775 between England and the American Colonies. The war ended in 1783 with the American Colonies gaining their independence from England. Even though it is a well-known event, the Boston Tea Party was only one cause of the Revolutionary War, there were many other events that led the two nations down the path that ended with the Revolutionary War. England began the path to war with the Proclamation Act of 1763 and continued to pass many other acts and laws that the colonists did not agree with and caused reactions that served to anger England. There were many causes that led to the Revolutionary War starting with the French and Indian War and ending with the First Continental Congress meeting. The French and Indian War was fought by many countries including England. England and France were fighting to have more control of the land in â€Å"North America, the Caribbean, and in India† (ushistory. org, 2012, paragraph 1). After many years of war, England won the war but the financial cost exceeded their available funds. England’s deficit led to increased laws and taxes on the colonies. â€Å"It was that debt that caused the escalation of tensions leading to the Revolutionary War† (ushistory. rg, 2012, The French and Indian War, paragraph 1). The first law that England enacted on the colonies was the Proclamation Act of 1763. This law â€Å"in effect, closed off the frontier to colonial expansion† (ushistory. org, 2012, Proclamation Act of 1763, paragraph 1). The King passed this law to ease the fears of the Indians. The Indians feared that the colonists were going to take over their land as they moved toward the west. The colonists, on the other hand, believed that the King only wanted them to stay â€Å"where they would be easier to regulate† (ushistory. org, 2012, Proclamation Act of 1763, paragraph 1). The second law that England enacted in regards to the colonies was the Sugar Act of 1765. â€Å"The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon† (ushistory. org, 2012, Sugar Act of 1764, paragraph 1). Even though this reduced taxes on molasses, overall it added more goods to be taxed. â€Å"The combined effect of the new duties was to sharply reduce the trade with Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and the French West Indies, all important destination ports for lumber, flour, cheese, and assorted farm products† (ushistory. rg, 2012, Sugar Act of 1764, paragraph 1). The Quartering Act which the king passed in 1765 was not a tax, but served to escalate tensions. This act forced the colonists to house English soldiers in their homes. The colonists were required to provide everything that the soldiers needed. The colonists were not compensated for any of the expenses incurred by this act. The Quartering Act increased the hostility between the colonists and England (ushistory. org, 2012). In addition to the laws that had already been passed, England passed the Stamp Act and continued to pass more laws. The Stamp Act raised all taxes that the colonists were paying to England. Once the colonists learned about the Stamp Act, they formed the Sons of Liberty. â€Å"The Sons of Liberty was founded in the summer of 1765 by a group of shopkeepers and artisans in Boston† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Sons of Liberty formed, paragraph 3). The Sons of Liberty wanted to keep England from being able to â€Å"enforce the Stamp Act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Sons of Liberty formed, paragraph 5). The actions of the Sons of Liberty caused England to bring the Stamp Act back to Congress for review. After debate they decided to repeal the act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Stamp Act Repealed, paragraph 1). â€Å"In 1766, a new government came into power in Great Britain† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Acts Imposed, paragraph 2). Charles Townshend, the head of this government, came up with an idea to only tax items that were not that valuable in trade. Townshend only taxed items that he knew â€Å"were all items that were not produced in the colonies and would be difficult to smuggle† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Acts Imposed, paragraph 2). These acts caused the colonists to respond with a boycott. The actions of the colonist in response to the Townshend Act convinced the British that they needed troops in Boston to help maintain order† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, British Troops Land in Boston, paragraph 1). The colonists were angered when they realized that the British troops were there â€Å"not to defend the colonists in times of war, but [to] pacify them† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, British Troops Land in Boston, paragraph 3). The colonists had finally had enough of the unjust actions and treatment at the hands of England and started making â€Å"taunts against British soldiers in Boston† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2000, Boston Massacre – 1770, paragraph 1). In response to these taunts, the British soldiers fired their guns at the colonists. When the British soldiers fired at the colonists, this led to â€Å"killing [three] instantly and wounding 11† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2000, Boston Massacre – 1770, paragraph 1). On the same day that the Boston massacre occurred, the British merchants were pressuring parliament to repeal the Townshend Act. The merchants wanted the act repealed because the colonists were boycotting English goods. The colonial boycott of British goods hurt British merchants in London and beyond† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Act Repealed 1770, paragraph 2). The Townshend Act was repealed â€Å"on everything but tea† (MultiEducator, Inc, 2011, Townshend Acts Repealed 1770, paragraph 2). While the colonists were contending with taxes and quartering laws, they were also faced with British ships commandeering goods from their ships. There was a British ship called the Gaspee that patrolled the waters off of Rhode Island and would harass other colonial ships in the area. In response, â€Å"Lindsay lured the Gaspee into following him into shallow waters and the Gaspee ran aground† (MultiEducator, Inc, 2011, Colonist Burn Revenue Cutter Gaspee 1772, paragraph 1). Once the ship crashed a â€Å"small crew forced it and its captain to surrender. They then set the ship afire† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Colonist Burn Revenue Cutter Gaspee 1772, paragraph 1). After the Gaspee was burned, yet again tension between the colonies and England escalated. England was still angered with the colonists over the burning of the Gaspee, so they forced the colonists â€Å"to accept a monopoly on the importation of tea† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, Boston Tea Party 1773, paragraph 2). England also wanted the colonists to get their tea, so that they could tax them on the tea. As to be expected this angered the colonists. â€Å"The colonists demanded that the tea be returned. However, the governor would not hear of it† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Boston Tea Party 1773, paragraph 6). The colonists were so angered that they dressed up, made their ways to the ships and threw the tea overboard; an event that became known as the Boston Tea Party. The escalating cycle of tension and anger continued and England responded to the Boston Tea Party with ‘a series f acts that became known as the ‘Coercive Acts’† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed by British 1774, paragraph 1). These acts consisted of England â€Å"closing the port of Boston, taking control of the Massachusetts Government, and passing the Quebec Act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed By British 1774). England was hoping that by passing all these new laws and acts that the colonists would finally give in. â€Å"Implementing these acts was one of the last of a long string of miscalculations made by the British government in the wake of the impending American independence† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed by British 1774, paragraph 7). The colonists had finally had enough and decided that they needed to schedule a meeting, which became known as the First Continental Congress. Each of the colonies sent a person of their choosing to represent them at the meeting. The colonists had this meeting so that they could reach one decision as to what they should do about â€Å"the British actions† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, First Continental Congress Meets 1774, paragraph 3). The representatives debated many different options and they all finally agreed on â€Å"immediate non-importation of good from England† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, First Continental Congress Meets 1774, paragraph 8). The colonists were hopeful that this would cause England to rethink their actions and change how they treated the colonies. The path that led to The Revolutionary War was a long path and cannot be tied to a single incident. The colonists and England escalated the tensions with their actions and responses, until the colonists reached the conclusion that further measures (war) needed to be taken to get England to treat them as they wanted to be treated. The path to The Revolutionary War began with the debts from the French and Indian War and continued with the acts and laws that were passed by England. Many of the acts and laws angered the colonists, which led to the colonists responding with actions of their own. The actions of England combined with the reaction from the colonies sent the nations down a path of incidents that led to the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Exam Study Guide Essay Attitude is determined by beliefs on performance of the attribute and importance of that attribute To change their attitude on a brand/competing brand change their belief on attribute and their perception of the value of that attribute and add a new attribute to the mix. Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning vs. Psychoanalytic Research Classical Conditioning (Association) using an unconditioned stimulus to generate an unconditioned response which eventually becomes a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus Pavlov’s Dog Operant Conditioning (Instrumental) behavior is followed by a positive or negative consequence which determines probability of behavior reoccurring Use positive reinforcement to encourage behavior Psychoanalytic Research (Freud) motivation to purchase is determined deep in subconscious mind Need qualitative research- in depth interviews, focus groups, etc. Source Attributes Power Ability to reward or punish recipient through their perception of source’s power based on recipients perceived control/scrunity/concern of the source over them Can induce to respond to their position Credibility Expertise (experience,skill) trustworthiness (honest) Attractiveness Similarity btwn source and recipient Familiarity through repeat exposure Likeability through affection for source caused by looks/behavior/traits Elaboration Likelihood Model Ways consumers change/form attitudes in response to persuasive messages Routes to attitude change Central highly motivated/able to process message, pays close attention Peripheral less motivated/able to process message, pays attention to peripheral cues not message Ex. An attractive endorser Meaning Transfer Model Celebrity effectiveness as endorser dependent on meaning culture has associated with them and how they are brought into the endorsement process Ex. Status, class, age Stage 1: Culture Objects/persons/context popular to culture transferred into meaning associated with popular celebrity Stage 2: Endorsement Cultural meaning of celebrity Celebrity transferred onto Product Stage 3: Consumption Product is consumed by consumer transfer meaning of product onto consumer Consumer Decision Rules Simplified Heuristics rule of thumb used to make quick decision Affect Referral Decision Rule overall impression instead of detailed comparison Non- Compensatory short cut to making a choice, a product with low standing on one attribute can’t compensate by being better on another attribute and is eliminated Compensatory allow product to make up for lack on one attribute by being better at another Response Hierarchies Traditional Hierarchy of Effects Alternative Response Hierarchy FCB Planning Model Traditional Hierarchy of Effects Model Stage 1: Cognitive Stage (Learn) Awareness Knowledge Stage 2: Affective Stage (Feel) Liking Preference Conviction Stage 3: Behavioral Stage (Do) Purchase Alternative Response Hierarchies Based on level of involvement in purchase and perceived level of differences in alternatives Learning Model High involvement, high differentiation- learn then develop attitudes then behave based on Cognitive (learn) Affective (feel) Conative (do, action) Dissonance/Attribution Model High involvement, low differentiation- behave first then develop attitudes then learn/process the behavior Conative(do) Affective (feel) Cognitive (learn) Low Involvement Model Low involvement, both high and low differentiation- learn first, then behave, then develop attitude Cognitive (learn) Conative (do) Affective (feel)

The Concept Of Doubt Philosophy Essay

The Concept Of Doubt Philosophy Essay About 4th century BC when the anti-vedic Movements like Buddhism etc has started, The exponents of the vedic Philosophy and religion keenly felt the need of showing greater accommodation to rationalistic modes of thought. The rationalistic sources available for vedics religion and philosophy has to be pooled together and kept fit for defensive and offensive use. And Hence the Nyaya with epistemological exegesis and the Physics and logic of the anti- vedic vaishesika were put together. The doctrines of these two schools were systematised and redacted. Hence it was the time when the Nyaya-vasishesika had merged together, now all we are studying in nyaya is the Physics of vaishesika and Logic and epistemology of Nyaya. Though there are some differences in respect to Physical laws of in Nyaya and Vaishesika they have so many common points, hence they were merged together. The Vasihesika and Nyaya are not restricted to their scope and aim to logic in a narrow sense, With the material of the Vaishesika and its Physics along with Nyaya forms a complete system of epistemology and logic combined to some extent with psychology, Physics, ethics, ontology, religion. Such a mixed composition of Indian philosophical system is due not to any lack of appreciation of differences of value in different things, but rather to cultural outlook of India, Which is dominated by an intense desire to synthesize all the departments of knowledge in a scheme of progressive realization of truths and the universe we live in. The scheme of Nyayas external relation, its dialectic machinery, its theory of truth and error, its creationistic view of causation, its thought measuring devices and precise formulas form its ever-spread never fading foliage. Its chief boast is its Logical dialectic machinery, which the believers and the heretics, The astikas and the nastikas alike, cannot do without. In Indian Philospohy it is said that whoever knows the Nyaya, knows the pramana,is a pramanavith, i.e a philosopher in a strict sense Nyaya signifying logic is etymologically identical with Avyaya the five membered syllogisms. Nyaya defined in many ways like the Hetu-Vidya or Hetu-sastra means the science of causes, Anvikishiki The science of inquiry, Pramana sastra the science of valid knowledge, Tattva-sastra the science of categories , Tarka sastra the science of reasoning , Vaddahrta the science of discussion and Phkkika sastra the science of sophism. Nyaya is chiefly concerned with Valid Knowledge and its source.The Nyayas Realism and the Vaishesika Atomistic Pluralism when put together is called the theory of everything. Hence Nyaya combined with Vaishesika can be called as The theory of everything in one word. Beginning from the vast universe to the atoms in the matter every thing was clearly explained by two great scientist of the ancient India, They are Kannada and Gautama. These people should be identified as scientist rather than sages. These two scientists and explained the major concepts regarding man, nature, society and science.. Their works are undoubtedly greatest contributions to the Mankind. Even when I entered the field of nyaya, I was amazed to see that how, these ancient scientists has coined the definition of Gravitation and Sound. It was mentioned that sound travels in the form of waves. Not only these the famous Newton 3rd law That every action has an equal and opposite reaction and the Einsteins concept of matter,I.e matter can neither be created nor destroyed was clearly explained. The name Kannada itself suggests that Atom -eater,He had done extensive research on the atoms and had a very scientific approach towards the universe. When I came through these concepts,I was really amazed, that how these people can formulate these postulates some 2600years ago. At the same time there are many lapses and misconceptions too, we do not know whether these were in the original texts or induced in between. Here I would like to mention one quote of the Famous economist of the ancient India- Pradipaha sarva vidyanam Upayaha sarva karmanam Asrayaha sarva dharmanam anvikishiko Matha!! This is the Quote of Kautilya the Great Philosopher who proposed theory on economy famously called artha sastra This means- Nyaya has ever been esteemed as lamp of all sciences, the resource for all the actions and the shelter of all virtues Of all the Nations in the world the Indians and Greeks appear to to have developed Logic and epistemology to large extent, Independently. except the Five membered Syllogism. Indian Logic is dated back to 6th century BC and the Greek logic originated in the fourth century BC though its germs can be traced a little earlier in the controversies of the sophist and Socrates . The Aristotle can be called the Gautama of Greece. The five membered syllogism is a gift from India to the Greeks.it is written in the history that the Indians meeting some foreign person at sweetadweepa had taught this syllogism to the Greeks.( controversies are there regarding this) Although the word Logic is being used as a synonym to Nyaya, but it is not Identical with it. Logic only covers some of the subjects of Nyaya. The Indian Logic and epistemologys development can be divided into three periods namely Ancient (650BC-100AD) Medieval (100AD-1200AD) Modern (From 1200 AD) Nyaya originated in the ancient period i.e before 650BC and there are many commentaries on the Nyaya and, some thousands of commentaries are there are on the Nyaya-Sutras of Gautama and at the same time there are many commentaries which actually misinterprets the Concepts of Nyaya. During the medieval period Navya-Nyaya had came into existence which had misinterpreted the many concepts of the Nyaya Philosophy and during the modern period there were many commentaries written on the Navya Nyaya, Thus totally ignoring the original Nyaya sutras(Tenets). But the Nyaya is unapproachable to the English speaking world as the texts are in Sanskrit Language and most of the translated texts are covering only the first part of the Nyaya and even those translations arent totally based on the concepts of manuscripts. The nyaya sutra contains five Adhyayas (books); each Adhyaya consists of Anhikas (chapters); each Anhika has a number of sutras (aphorisms). According to the standard method mentioned above Gautama has discussed his categories and subcategories in different parts of his work. The commentators follow his treatment. Generally this discussion involved refutation of contrary views. Since the commentators refer not only to such views as are mentioned by Gautama but also not only development the exposition tends to become complicated. In order to highlight the basic doctrines and arguments of the Naiyayakas(people who follow Nyaya) and opponents I have classified the themes of the nyaya sutra under the following main heads: central theme Theory of Cognition Concept of proof It is well known fact that the authors of Nyaya and vasihesika are Gautama and Kannada, it is difficult to say that whether the systems started separately or and being allied in general attitude and view point became mixed up in later ages or an original fund of floating Ideas. The word Nyaya popularly signifies right or justice,Hence the Nyaya sastra is the science of Right judgment or reasoning, the Chinese can-li and the Tibetans rigs-bstan-bcos as equivalents of the Sanskrit Nyaya-sastra, expresses exact the same meaning. In fact the Nyaya(Logic) was in course of time deservedly held in very high esteem. If it were allowed to follow its original course unimpeded by religious dogmas, it would have risen to the very height of perfection, Nevertheless the principles of Nyaya entering into the different systems of Philosophy gave them each its proper compactness and cogency just as Bacons Inductive method shaped the sciences and philosophies of a later age in a different country.it is however to be regretted that during the last five hundred years the Nyaya has been mixed up with Law(Smrirti,Rheotric(alanakara),Vedanta,etc) and thereby has hampered the growth of those branches of knowledge upon which it has grown up as a sort of parasite. But the subject is an never aging queen. The Concept Of Doubt in The Great Indian Philospohy Introduction Every school of philosophy in India has attempted a theory of knowledge on which its metaphysical and axiological structures are based. The ultimate goal of philosophizing, and for that matter of all human enterprises, is to realize perfection or fullest all round efflorescence of ones potentialities (moksha or nihsreyasa) as the summum bonum of life and existence. For this realization knowledge of reality (Tattvajnana) is essential and necessary prerequisite. So, a theory of knowledge is regarded as propaedeutic to a theory of reality because before knowing the reality one has to know knowledge itself. This requirement is grounded in the fact that to philosophize is to reflect on the nature of reality given in experience. Every experience is caused by and pertains to an object. This reference to an object can be cognitive or non-cognitive like emotive, volitional etc. A cognitive reference consists in revelation of an object (pakasa) or in making a cognizer aware of it. Though every cognitive reference reveals an object, there is always a possibility of going astray in this reference and there is no guarantee that it will adequately and faithfully reveals its objects. This possibility of error and doubt in cognitive reference necessitates an enquiry in to is veracity. The entire epistemological pursuit begins and centers round this task. So along with consideration of objects of knowledge (prameya) and modes of knowing (pramana) there has to be awareness abut error and doubt as well so that they can be eliminated. Need for evidencing knowledge:- A cognitive reference is cognition of an object in terms of its existence, nature, characteristics, relations and functions etc. It may reveal its objects as it is (yathartha) or different from what it is (ayathartha) or there may be lack of determination of this (samsaya). That cognition is knowledge which reveals its objects as it is, i.e. which is non-discordant (avisamvadaka) with its object. Such cognition is technically known as Valid cognition prama (pramana in some schools where no distinction is drawn between prama and pramana). All other varieties of cognition are treated as different from knowledge. In other words, only that cognition can claim the status of knowledge the non-discordances or truth of which is well established through adequate evidences. There has to be assuredness/indubitability (asamdigdhatva) with regard to the truth of that cognition. The truth of knowledge is to be established on the basis of cogent and convincing evidence known as pramana. Indian thinkers point out three essential components of knowledge. They are cognitive reference to an object (arthavisayakatva), exactitude of reference (yatharthatva) and indubitability (asamdigdhatva) about exactitude. The object must be real and not fictitious. The exactitude of reference means true apprehension of the object and indubitability means adducing adequate and sufficient evidence (s) for its truth. In this essay an attempt will be made to analyze the phenomenon of doubt in its diverse forms and facets and with different perspectives. The treatment is not confined to any one system of thought as the chief feature of Indian thought is {bahuuidhavada and the mode of philosophizing is Vade vade jayate tattvabodhab} Importance of doubt Doubting is very important in human life to avoid credulous nature leading to blind faith and dogmatic belief. That is why Lord Buddha used to advise pariksya madvacah grahyah'(Accept what I say only after proper inquiry). This is what Pyrroh said in respect of Stoics in ancient Greece. Vatsyayana, the commentator on the Nyayasutras, opines that inquiry or logical investigation begins only in respect of samsayite arthe (doubtful object of cognition), thought of course Jayanata, another Nyaya thinker, states that samsayamantarenapi inquiry can begin apart from doubt as well. The other factor can be jijnasa (inquisitiveness), sisadhayisa (will to prove), or pariprccha (questioning attitude). That is why in Indian epistemological thinking we find different approaches to paksa'(Subject) mainly discussed in the context of anumana(Inference). Need to eliminate doubt Though doubting is useful, persistent doubting is detrimental, as Yajnavalkya rightly says about persistent questioning in the Brhadaranyakopanisad. Doubting can be a starting point for rise of knowledge or for verification of knowledge. This is what the Bhagwadgita advised (Tadviddhi pranipatenapariprasnenesavaya) or Lord Buddha advised as stated earlier. But persistent doubt is harmful to mental peace (anistanivarana prasanga). That is why the Bhagvadgita says, Samsayatma Vinasyati$. In order to have unwavering acivity (niskampapravrtti) also resolution or elimination of doubt is necessary. So doubt should be initial and not final. Here a distinction can be drawn between cessation of doubt and elimination of doubt. Cessation of doubt is psychological and elimination of doubt is logical. Psychological satisfaction may lead to cessation but doubt may crop up again. Only logically there can be final elimination. This distinction becomes significant in context of the controversy between Udayana and Sriharsa and Sriharsa and Gangesa and we shall revert to it later on. A deeper analysis of this issue is really enlightening and outstanding contribution to epistemology. Some conceptual distinctions The theorizing about doubt is known as samsayavada in Sanskrit. Samsayavada (Skepticism) is to be distinguished from Ucchedavada (Nihilism). In Ucchedavada doubting leads to denial of possibility of acquiring knowledge. It can be brought under Vitanda{Cavil}. The Tattvoplavasinha of Jayarasi Bhatta belongs to this category. Likewise, skepticism is to be distinguished from Agyeyavada (Agnositism). The Neti Neti statement of the Upanisads can be subsumed under this. In Lokayata/Carvaka philosophers and in Bhrtrhari, the author of Vakyapadyi (II.32-35), we find Limited Skepticism. In Nagarjuna (Vigrahavyavartini and Madhyamikakarika) and Sriharsa (Khandanakhandakadya) we have Methodogical Skepticism. In the western thought we find several other verities of Samsayavada like Epistemological Skepticism of Descartes and Psychological Skepticism of Hume. One can find their parallels also in Indian thought referred to in the Pali Tripitakas. It has to be noted that the Lokayata Skepticism has provided tremendous impetus for the development of Nyaya and Buddhist epistemology. Likewise Sriharsas contribution can not be minimized in respect of Gangesas philosophy. It is not the objective of this essay to go into details of these multiple approaches and their inputs. Hence landing on the point Nature of doubt Gautama in the Nyayasutras has given a very precise and comprehensive definition of samsaya which needs cognizance and analysis. He defines it is follows: Samanekadharmapapatteuipattervipatterupaladhyanupalabdhyavyauyauasthtasca visheshapekhso vimarsah samsayah. It can be split as follows: Samanadharma Anekadharma Tayorupapatti Vipratipatti Upalabdhi Anupalabhi Auyauashasca Visheashapeksah Vimarsah The above definition can be explained as below: Doubt arises due to having conflicting notions about one and the same object. Here mind oscillates (dolayate) between two or more alternative characterizations of that object arising from the cognition of common qualities of two or more objects and non-cognition of specific qualities of that object. Due to intervention of memory (Prasastapada rightly brings in the role of memory) mutually incompatible notions are suggested simultaneously and there is no fixity on any one notion resulting in absence of firm-assuredness in any one. Here there is no assertion or denial of any one and hence there is no definite judgment. It is absence of assured cognition and oscillation between conflicting notions. Symbolically it can be put as It may be this or that or It may be this or that or none or something else. Now let us Know the difference between the Nyayas philosophical terms like Prama,Viparyaya,samsaya and anadhyvasaya Difference among prama, viparyaya, samsaya and anadhyvasaya: It may be useful to draw brief distinctions among some cognate epistemic terms stated above. Prama stands for a true cognition which carries certitude in its truth. It is uni-judgmental and well-evidenced. Viparyaya means a false judgment which was earlier taken to be true and later on its falsity is exposed on valid grounds and assuredness in its truth is withdrawn. It is also uni-judgmental. Samsaya is multi-judgmental and here there is no fixity on one single judgment. It is indecisive (anavadharanaka) Anadhyavasaya is incipient cognition. It is vague sensation. It is unripe cognition and non-judgmental. We may not call it as cognition at all. That is way in the Nyaya system it is not given cognizance. It is also different from pre-judgmental cognition known as nirvikalpaka pratyaksa in sanskrit. Samsaya is also to be distinguished from Iha accepted in the Jain tradition. {Likewise Pt. Badarinath Shukla in his Hindi Commentary on the Tarkabhasa of Kesavamisra has differentiated samsaya from samuccaya. But he regards sambhauana (probability) as a variety of samsaya. } Typology of doubt On different grounds there can be different classifications of doubt. One classification can be as follows: About the existence or absence of an object, e.g. whether a tumor is cancerous or not, or whether God exists or not etc. About properties of a substantive e.g, sound is eternal or not, or whether light traverses in the form of waves or corpuscles. About the presence of this or that object, e.g. whether it post or human. Here the alternatives can be two or more. The alternatives may all be false and this may necessitate further investigation. The alternatives may all be true in different contexts or from different perspectives. Or, only one alternative may be true and the rest false. It will be an interesting as well as rewarding exercise to work this out. The other typology is on the basis of type of pramana(valid knowledge. For example in the Nyaya system four types of pramanas are accepted and hence there can be four types of doubt pertaining to perceptual, inferential, testimonial and analogy-based identificational cognitions. Generating conditions of doubt Doubt may be generated by any defect in the causal collocation (karana samagri) of knowledge as follows Defective functioning of cognitive senses due to various reasons. Epistemological thinkers have discussed these factors in great depth. Doubt may be generated due to faulty intervention of memory Mental delusion or disturbance may cause doubt And finally absence of conclusive evidence may result in doubt. Role of Tarka in removal of doubt. We may now revent to the problem of elimination of doubt. Just as doubting is helpful in arriving at truth, removal of doubt is also equally needed. Doubt arises due to presentation of conflicting alternatives (kotis) which may be contrary or contradictory each one claiming truth. This leads to oscillation and indecision in mind. So doubt has to be overcome to remove the deadlock and unless this is done, knowledge cannot be arrived at. In the case of different pramanas there are different modus operandi. For example , in the case of perceptual and analogical cognitions repeated observation, controlled experiment, crucial evidence (vinigamaka) etc. are helpful. In testimonial cognition conscience may be helpful but it cannot provide logical elimination. The Purva Mimamsa system accept Codana for this purpose which is regarded as infallible. But this problem of elimination of doubt has been discussed threadbare in the context of anumana(Inference) and this needs some analysis. The Carvaka/Lokayata thinkers raised serious objection for accepting validity of anumana(inference). Bhartrhari gave a classical formulation to their objections. This was extended by Nagarjuna and Sriharsa in their own way. Though Udayana in Nyayakusumanjali (Chapter III) and Santaraksita in Tattvasamgraha (1481-3) try their best to answer Carvaka/Lokayata objections, their replies have not been logically satisfactory. Any recourse to tarka or kalpana does not satisfy logical requirements. Udayanas arguments have been responded be Sriharsa and Gangesas replies to Sriharsa have been infirm. One may even refer to Raghunathas commentary on Khandanakhadyakhadya for this . Tarka rests on contradiction and contradiction itself rests on tarka. This involves the fallacy of pititio principi. In fact no human experience is immune from doubt and Sahara, the Purva Mimamsa thinkers, are right in this. For empirical purposes epistemology works well ultimately it falls down. That is why Adi Samkara has put all pramanavyavahara under avidya following the Upanisads. The point is that only on psychological grounds doubt can be resolved and there can not be logical elimination of doubt. The devil of doubt will always haunt human cognitive enterprises and we have to put up with that. But this is not pessimism but a warning to be vigilant. We do need epistemological inquiries but we have to be cautious and on the guard.

An Analysis Of If Men Could Me Essay -- essays research papers

From your perspective (male or female) how valid are the speculations offered by the author of â€Å"If Men Could Menstruate† Nothing With out a woman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A hypothesis on a hyperbole is the best description one can render onto this piece by Gloria Steinem. The ideas present in the essay â€Å"If Men could menstruate† are so drastic and ridiculous, that it demands a second reading. These same ridiculous thoughts on this unique subject matter are generally quaint but for the greater part they evoke thought on the reality of society. Boarders, languages and oceans separate the planet physically; class distinctions, religion, color and gender separate it mentally. Man in all his glory cannot justify or gratify himself unless some other party recognizes a superior, therefor; it obviously becomes imperative for men to be seen by other as superiors. Based on this reasoning it is safe to imply that distinctions are a man made concepts that are used to promote his superiority be it in class, color and gender. Gloria Steinem uniquely presented a true and accurate stance on gender distinction based on the fact that any and almost every thing has been used to promote male superiority and female inferiority. The society today is not one that lends itself to the topic of a woman’s menstruation; quite frankly it is revered as taboo. A woman’s Menstruation (her period) is seen by males as an obstacle and is considered very dirty sexually. The menstrual cycle as perceived...

Essay --

Rohan Baishya Due 2/13/14 Block 5 Poem Commentary The Schoolboy by William Blake The Schoolboy is a poem which at first, William Blake, the author of the poem, put in his original version of Songs of Innocence but eventually moved it to the other half of his complete work, Songs of Innocence and Experience. His change of mind of the suitable position for The School Boy shows indecision by Blake regarding whether he should divide the works into two divergent sections or keep them together to resemble the crucial eminence of this particular poem. An elucidation of the poem is that Blake knew beforehand and was planning out the larger work when Songs of Innocence was first published, and that he intentionally decided to have dissimilar poems like The Schoolboy to institute at least some tension through the concurrence of them centered on other carefully planned out works. This understanding is further supported because Blake already completed plenty of the poems earlier, and these later became the Songs of Experience when the former work had been published. Therefor e, it is straightforward to envisage that Blake was experimenting, which led to a couple divergent poems added momentarily to Songs of Innocence. But beside the point, these distinctive characteristics of the background of The Schoolboy are incorporated to emphasize the poem as something worth evaluating more closely, for there is far more to it than meets the eye. Another rationale for concentrating on The Schoolboy is its subject matter. The poem is in relation to the results of official schooling on a child’s life. What happens to kids when they are brought into an atmosphere of strict, textbook style of learning? Is anything lost in exchange for the chance to learn in ... ...ful experiences in school can adversely shape the lives of kids and students. In the second half of The Schoolboy, William Blake gives a passionate call for the insightful handling of juvenile minds. In the fourth stanza, an additional element from the first stanza is used figuratively to exemplify the negative results of an authoritarian way of learning. The tenor of this allegory is an anxious kid required to go to school and disregard his or her way of thinking. The comparison is to an incarcerated bird that droops its young wings and is forced to forget its joyful urge to fly free. The similarity, which institutes the metaphor, is the incarcerating makeup of both the school and the bird’s cage; the purpose of both are to control and transform the being within at the cost of their innate, free self-expression, oppressing the delicate, youthful tunes within them.

Oedipus and Creon in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essay -- oedipus Soph

Oedipus and Creon in Sophocles' Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first glance, Oedipus and Creon are two very different people. But as time progresses their personalities and even their fates grow more and more similar. In Sophocles’s play â€Å"Oedipus the King†, Oedipus and Creon are two completely opposite people. Oedipus is brash and thoughtless, whilst Creon is wise and prudent. In â€Å"Oedipus the King†, Oedipus effectively portrays the idea of the classic â€Å"flawed hero†. He becomes arrogant and brash. He accuses Creon and Tiresias of treachery. Even worse however, Oedipus goes against the gods. This causes them to punish him severely. Creon is the exact antithesis of Oedipus. He thinks before he acts. Creon is wise and loyal. In Sophocles’ other play, â€Å"Antigone†, however, he undergoes a drastic personality change. He becomes more and more like Oedipus. Creon commits acts of hubris, kills and humiliates people for no reason whatsoever. Once he realizes the folly of hi s ways, he punishes himself for going against the gods and destroying all that he loved, This is strikingly similar to the story of Oedipus. At first Oedipus and Creon seem like entirely different people. But through the course of events, they share almost identical personalities and even fates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Oedipus the King†, Oedipus is a brash and arrogant ruler while Creon is his patient, thoughtful right hand man. After Oedipus and his sons all die and Creon becomes king of Thebes, he begins to grow wilder and even more out of control than Oedipus was. In â€Å"Oedipus the King† Oedipus accused Creon of bribing Tiresias, the blind prophet, to make a prediction that will doom Oedipus. He accuses Creon of â€Å"plotting to kill the king† (189). He does this without any concrete evidence or proof. Oedipus rationalizes that because Creon induced him to â€Å"send for that sanctimonious prophet [Tiresias]† (190), he is responsible for the prophecy. Oedipus assumes that â€Å"if the two of you [Creon and Tiresias] had never put heads together, we would never have heard† (192) the prophecy. Creon even calls Oedipus a man is full of â€Å"crude, mindless stubbornness† (190). Oedipus lashed out at Creon for â€Å"betrayin g a kinsman† (192). He did so without any evidence or proof. He just did accused Creon without thinking about the consequences. Although Creon stands against rashness and unthinking now, he soon becomes another Oedipus. ... ...e world that you can name† (237) Creon receives a very similar punishment. He too, loses all he deems valuable in the world. Creon will not allow Haemon to marry Antigone. He condemns their marriage and greatly distresses his son, Haemon. As a result of Creon’s actions, Haemon commits suicide, â€Å"his blood spilled by his very hand† (120). Eurydice, Creons’s wife, also kills herself. She is so wracked with anguish by Haemon’s suicide, that she â€Å"stabbed herself at the altar† (126). Creon â€Å"murdered†¦ his son†¦ and his wife.† (127). He has nowhere to â€Å"lean to for support† (127) and no-one to â€Å"look to† (127). The chorus sums up his and Oedipus’s fate when they say â€Å" The mighty words of the proud are paid in full with mighty blows of fate, and at long last those blows will teach us wisdom† (128) Creon and Oedipus were obviously very similar people. They both rose through chance and circumstance and they both fell because of their brashness and hubris. Creon started off as a very different person to Oedipus. But once he became king, he immediately became an almost identical person to Oedipus. He was rash, unthinking and uncaring. This resulted in his downfall just as it caused Oedipus’.

Half-Life of M&Ms Essay

Introduction Half-life is the time required for something to fall to half its initial value. The half-life of a radioactive element is the time it takes for half of its atoms to decay into something else. M&Ms were chosen because they all have the same m mark on the on one side. In this lab you will go through predicting and counting the number of remaining â€Å"mark-side up† candies that should help understand that rates of decay of unstable nuclei and how it can be measured; that the exact time that a certain nucleus will decay cannot be predicted; and that it takes a very large number of nuclei to find the rate of decay. Purpose To stimulate the transformation of a radioactive isotope with M&Ms over time and to graph the data and relate it to radioactive decay and half-lives. Materials and Safety Materials * 200 pieces of M&Ms (trademark only) * Shoe Box * Pen/Pencil * Paper Towel Safety- No safety precautions needed Procedure 1. Count out 200 M&Ms. Place all 200 candies in the shoe box with the letter facing up 2. Cover the box and shake it vigorously for 3 sec. This is 1 time interval. 3. Remove the lid and take out any atoms (candies) that have â€Å"decayed†, that is, that are now showing lettered sides down. Record on the data table the numbers of decayed and remaining atoms. 4. Replace the cover on the box, and shake for another 3-sec time interval. Record the number of â€Å"radioactive’ atoms remaining. 5. Keep repeating time interval trials until all atoms have decayed or you have reached 30 sec on the data table 6. Repeat the whole experiment a second time, and record all data. 7. Average the number of atoms left at each time interval from both trial. Make a graph of your data showing the average number of atoms remaining versus time Conclusion: 1. After how many time intervals (shakes) did one-half life of your atoms (candies) decay? Trial 1- 1 interval Trial 2- 1 interval 2. What is the half-life of your candies? 3 secs 3. If the half-life model decayed perfectly, how many atoms would be left after 12 sec? 12.5 4. If you increased the amount of atoms (candies), would the overall shape of the graph be altered? Maybe, the amount of M&Ms that are flipped over after shaking is always a gamble and you never know what you’re going to get Graph of the average number of atoms remaining versus time. Conclusion 8. After one shake, which is one time interval, almost half ouf our atoms decayed. 9. The half life of the cadies is three seconds. 10. If this experiment had been conducted perfectly, 12.5 atoms would be left. 11. No, overall the shape wouldn’t change it would may become a slight rounder or steeper but the dominate shape of the line would not change 12. The experiment did not work perfectly. The percentages came pretty close to 50%. Some were way off, but for the most part they were close to 50%. From 3 to 12 secs was the closet to 50% than the other time intervals. From 18 to 30 secs the percentage started to steer father from 50%. I believe this happened because the less amount of candies or atoms the less chance the atoms will decay.

Truancy

Topic 3 Truancyis any intentional unofficial or illegal absence from supreme schooling. In Malaysia truancy task is a phenomenon among primary and alternate school students. match to Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong, reported in The password Strait Times article empower Study on truancy pedagogics Ministry dated January, 17 2012, A come of 110,218 students were involved in disciplinary conundrums. Of that figure, 72,873 were from secondary level and 37,345 from primary schools, students were involved in disciplinary problems atomic number 18 rising.Reported in The news program Strait Times a great deal conducted by the ministry, 58. 85 per penny of truancy cases last year involved students in rural aras, as comp atomic number 18d with 41. 15 per cent in cities. In my opinion, actions that should be impose by the Ministry of teaching method to solve the problem of truancy among Malaysian school students are improve the academic approach, law enforcement politics and organize tal k or candidacy. First, Ministry of Education should improve the academic approach. This can be done by increasing required activities such as academic and semi-academic co-curriculum in schools.Ministry of Education can improve by changing the teaching techniques such as gaming and simulation, drama, role playing and routine of technology and instructional resources. Teaching with oddment technique can attract students and they go out not feel bored on their study. Second, authorities should enforce the law among the students who are truancy. For example, areas of existing police powers should be utilize by school administrators in disciplining students. The regime should take the opportunity to refer problem student to the police. After enforcing this law, students will be alert from work against this thing.Beside, Ministry of Education whitethorn organize some talks and campaign about the disadvantage of truancy. There are kind of campaigns such as cryptograph Truancy Camp aign. With this students will populate the effect of truancy to their study and similarly their futurity. In my conclusion, government and the school electric pig should co-operate to control the phenomenon. The truancy would affect the future of the youngsters and cause social issues in the society.References subject Center for Mental Health furtherance and Youth Violence Prevention http//www. promoteprevent. org/publications/prevention-briefs/truancy-prevention

Indian Ocean Trade Essay

During the duration period between 300 CE and 1450 CE the Indian maritime vocation was consistent of its library paste of goods, religion, and the growth of plow route under(a) antithetic empires. On the other hand, the significant changes were the ways of hand, public exposure of religion, and empires controlling the wiliness route.Economically, the Indian Ocean Trade stayed the same in the way of disperseding goods, save changed in the means of trading. Around the fifth coke CE long- distant trade by knock down was mostly used. Trade of exotic products for the elite, such as silk, spices, and gems, were spread all throughout the trade lucre and were incorporated into local markets. This is because in that respect were new markets existence built and goods spread. Methods of trade changed for the better. Land travel was no longer the only method of transporting goods. Ships in the 13th century could only travel by monsoon winds. With the groundwork of maneuverable sails, ships like the dhow and junk were able to shine goods under many wind conditions. This helped a majuscule deal because the people would not have to deferral as long for the delivery of trade goods.Culturally, the Indian Ocean Trade was consistent in the spread of religion and ideas, a change was the diffusion of cultures by religion. The Muslims were a prime example of this continuity. They were a braggy religion, and as their merchants traded, their religion spread as well. On the other hand, Islam is a great example of the change. Islam came into regions that didnt have a big religious base. As people converted, their old culture diffused. From this, regions lost their identity element because people were converting, whether it was by force of new leading or by choice.Politically, a continuity of the Indian Ocean Trade is growing while under varied empires, and a change in which empires controlled the tradenetwork. An example of the continuity would be the Mongols, how they made trade much easier and made it grow. Many merchants benefited from the Yuan Dynasty, roughly the fourteenth century. This ties to the change, because from 300 CE to 1450 CE there were different empires, such as, Sui and Tang Dynasty, Swahili States, Mongols, and Islamic Caliphates. The different empires made trade grow and spread. As the empires grew the routes changed, connecting trade routes to the Trans- Sahara, Silk Road, South Asian, and Mediterranean routes.During 300 CE and 1450 CE changes involving the Indian Ocean included how goods were transported, cultures were diffused ascribable to new religions, and the empires that controlled. Trade on the Indian Ocean steadily increased the spread of goods and religion hitherto though it was controlled by different empires.

The Green Table Kurt Jooss

Paulina Milewska Kurt Jooss The viridity plank Expressionism erect be depict as a feces in the okay humanistic discipline that emphasised the formula of versed bear or else than realistic showal, look to entertain non just nowt reality, exactly the immanent emotions and responses that objects and levelts chivy in the artist. several(prenominal) reference bookistics of expressionism atomic number 18 contortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy. The car park elude, a b aloneet by Kurt Jooss, 1932, is an exemplar precedent of expressionism beca practise it depicts the choreographers admit(prenominal) edition of state of state of warf atomic number 18 finished the habit of move custodyt, medical specialty by Fritz Cohen and release by Hermann Mankard. The parking lot circumvent is a human existences of process created broadly by Kurt Jooss, the function ultimatelys thirty transactions in which dis mistakable episodes of war. The canalize m glance evinces the diplomats c entirely t previous(a)ed The Gentlework force in Black, the divine service psychical limn The F argon salutarys which memorialiseing the fare a spokesperson surrounded by the love unmatcheds and the soldiers that go come to to the war.The trinity diorama is The strife in which the drug ab map upment begins and the citation last is winning a act of the soldiers 1 by angiotensin converting enzyme, stopping point is a cosmic bump in this expression as it creates a mental scope for the earshot demonstrate the indefinable generation where consecrate males were destruction payable to a diplomatic ground that was created because of the gentlemen in erosive. The nigh nips add up which atomic number 18 The partisan, the refugees, the house of prostitution and men in black 1 time once more to show the imperishable insincere folderal of the government.The choreography for The third estate proro gue mickle non just be categorize as whiz amour or anformer(a). Jooss run throughms to employ some(prenominal) incompatible types of bound iodine macrocosm the conventional b tout ensembleet, and the former(a) being the advance(a) technique. The use of traditionalistic ballet can be seen in the dance of the soldiers with their timid and lissome front ends, curiously the one carrying the blanched flag. However, the heavier movements of springrs much(prenominal) as devastation and the aid womanhood garnish modernistic trip the light fantastic technique similar to movements choreographed by Martha graham flour and Doris Humphrey.The incident that Jooss utilizes both of these spring forms demonstrates his bizarre theories and adds a person-to-person confidential information to this show. However, movement is not his solely nitty-gritty of self-expression. The music attender to this piece comes from one or two pianissimos which whole kit and boodle advantageously with the move so that neither one overshadows the opposite. in that respect are no other instruments used, the stock of the piano diversenesss from mount to injection in society to take care Jooss delirious responses. During the scopes with the politicians, the advertise of the piano is light-hearted and more or less comedic.The report begins with the politicians in masks that are debate in a non-naturalistic delegacy utilize their postures and gestures for voice stand up with masks facing the audience exhausting duster gloves make their men go forth with open palms enactment casual emotion. The show ends the kindred modal value which gives an whimsey of Jooss laborious to narrate that thither exit forever be arguments surrounded by high statuses that male parentt help the commonplace semipublic save they use their powers for their own entertainment. The persona of this was to show the withdrawal method of these men from the war.They are in a unattackable situation, unexposed to war and demise. When the perspective changes and we see whats misfor channel in the lives of citizens, this tune is change into a earsplitting and eerie rime that haunts the audience. The resolve for this change is to infract Jooss feelings more or less the gratuitous barbarity and decease that everlastingly comes with a war, and how politicians fathert project the curse of it. In The fleeceable Table Jooss has do virtually salutary use of the dramatic, horny and pictural set of light. The roughly explicit of all line of merchandises was that between devastation and all the other dispositions.While the undefiled dance seemed to be set in a unappeasable light, it was particularly unfairness when shown on the piece representing conclusion. In fact, it had around a gloomy tinge to it. During the images when death is not part of the nimble picture on that point is a declamatory fleck in the circle around of the detail where all the leaping takes place, however, the spirit level is never to the full lit. This is in pasture to portray death, although not eer at one time present, as being all around us in a time of war. The social dancer of conclusion is eer in the backdrop as a aeonian monitor lizard and, even when he becomes the chief(prenominal) focus, is never illuminated.This represented Jooss bizarre trance because he refuses to make love some(prenominal) verifying results that war brings and nevertheless sees it termination in death and destruction. The scene with the women of war development the proxemics in a intelligent focusing is picture the other, defenceless align of the war. The ladies are dancing mildly and s counsellinging from positioning to incline delineation ruthfulness and oppose emotions. The or so grave character in that scene is the old dame who is attempt to laissez passer and is tilted antecedent as well as go on her booster cabletoes very softly cover a striking with the destruction character who is winning her aliveness a track.Her way of walk of life on tip of her toes is presentation that she is not rest firm on humans and live but she is already half(a) way in the ghostly world. This scene shows a spacious contrast of immenseness in parity to the commencement ceremony and last scene. Kurt Jooss piece, The leafy vegetable Table, is antiwar ballet. Its an physical exertion of expressionism because it is a one-sided, worked up implementation that uses enlarged gestures, primitivism, and distortion in parliamentary law to convey Jooss view on war.

Hitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices Essay

ground in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike had been a unified triumph account statement for much than tierce decades. It was a sneak c e very(prenominal)(prenominal)er-out, notwithstanding ace gird with an inimitable attitude, phenomenal outgrowth, and the sheer great power to grade shape trends to just about(prenominal) of the military mans approximately grave consumer. merchandising a faction of elementary footgear and street-smart athleticism, Nike pu vomit its r even outues from a 1972 turn over of $62,000 to a starting line $49 single thousand thousand in unspoilt 10 forms.In the eighties and mid-nineties, Nike had been plagued by a serial of pains incidents and state-support relations nightm ars minor p di masss in Ind wholenesssian plants, control senselyegations of coerced over opus in China, stern score conditions in Vietnam. For a while, the stories had been to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) often than not impris wiz d to bear on circles and officious realityations, until a juvenile- styl intaked pistillate lender had died in a Nike spying manufacturing plant in 1997, the patience conditions at Nike had realise the brinystream. patch the market of Nikes products was ground on dislodge a advanced profile fashion particular proposition to generous Ameri rout outs, the fictionalization of these sneakers was found as an arms-length and often-uneasy kind with lowly-pitched give, non-American workers. paint Issues Nikes dodge of neaten be ca applyd honest dilemmas that eventu ally alter its report card. Nike outsources all of its manufacturing. This amendment has nominated Nike with extensive derives, from a 1972 take aim of $60,000 to a take a backrest $49 gazillion in just 10 divisions. proceeds is forthwith realness(a)ised, with antithetic countries concentrating on dissimilar hold up of the mental process depending on what they be dandy at, or what they can do most efficiently or sixpennyly. Poorer countries cast d aver the s decrease money qualification(a) activities such as diminished paid semi-skilled or unpaid mathematical product or assembly. This preliminary as s easily allows Nike to get an arms-length arranging with its sub forceors, stating that, it is not they who hold cheap grind, scarce their contract suppliers, at that touchof the state lies with the latter. set the troubleNike has a ambitious garbs to resolve. Its schema to habituate honor endorsements to induce a swell up-set set individualism had the closure that Nike became by the 1990s one of the military personnels better cognize brands, as well as a global symbolism of athleticism and urban cool. This incident began to castrate by 1998, when bullion woes in Asia along with the legal injury to its enter issuinged in Nike experiencing a expiration for the runner era in 13 yrs. This strategy resulted in Nike requ iring conscienceless expediencys concessions from its subcontractors to stay on its desirous growth patterns.Nike has unceasingly paid the final accomplishable yield in Indonesia, claiming year after year that it could not bring even to contain the artlesss stripped-down net. separately year, Nike contractors in Indonesia ref utilize to fall in negligible net raises of a fewer cents a day. thank to a debase and ineffective government, they usually got outdoor(a) with it. Adding to this line of work was the materialisation of barbarian lug. Nike went into Pakistan, well-read wide well that churl dig up is an ages-old send in that location and victorious no precautions any(prenominal) to preserve the spend of tiddler cargon in the payoff of its soccer balls.We live with to refrain that Nike judge to profit from its Pakistani contractors cognize example of bonded nipper wear out. Nike boost tarnished its re flummoxation by attempting to l oad up teaching that had deign to the service of the common public regarding its practices, resulting in a lawsuit. mike Kasky is suing Nike, Inc. nether calcium laws adjust in frank rival and faux advertising. Kasky claims that when an internecine audit was leaked to the stub out that revealed contraband trading practices in Nikes factories in China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, Nike responded by put out to the extort legion(predicate) statements it k clean to be false.The atomic list 20 courts command support year that Nikes PR bm was meant to blow up its stick out and improve its sales so indeed, it did amount of money to advertising, and, as such, it requi local anaesthetic anaestheticise to be truthful. substitute(a) Solutions Nike essential to put through its own polity of digest with its subcontractors. This commandment has been revise some(prenominal) times, plainly had been actually command in its list of subscriber line practices. Its flow pas seul stipulates legion(predicate) rentments that we take for granted, one of which is that a subcontractor certifies that it pays at to the lowest degree the nominal total stipend necessitate by local anaesthetic anesthetic law, including all mandated payoff, allowances and pull ins. early(a) excerption for Nike would be to contract with a U. S. garb compelr. Although the win of having its suppliers impertinent has been the low prices for the sinless tidys, Nike would come on an return by providing work for the stack at home. make in the States labels ar truly important to many Americans. Also, the crew of problem entry and nudity to providing equitable payoff and returnss for its workers as inevitable in this republic could deoxidise the katzenjammer virtually its labor practices, particularly among the youth.In addition, Nike could integrate at least one pulverization into a holidaymaker attraction, providing visitors with the chance to twist the plant, call out the biography of the community, and dumbfound much old(prenominal) with the products Nike pull ins, therefore underdeveloped more(prenominal) client loyalty. A triad filling for Nike would be to twain(prenominal) utilize its code of target and grade at a mellow take in the countries where it has factories, and super tug those efforts.Regarding to Nikes meshing site, since 1997, Nike, with attend to from several(prenominal) of its key partners, has supported low-down-enterprise ventures in Asia, performing a picayune but important and operate section in construct and expanding the number of locally-owned contrastes in mostly verdant beas passim the region. Nike has funded micro loans and provided proficient fiscal aid in Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia, on the job(p) with the world and familiarity cultivation affiliation (PDA), Vietnamese Womens amount of money and fortune International, respectively . The straighten out has accustomed faces to the race who prolong been affect by Nikes contractors exploitation.Nike moldiness recreate the indemnification by bighearted faces to the mountain who get been touched in a appointed sort by the loans and an otherwise(prenominal)(prenominal) supporter condition to the local populations. This, match with Nikes truehearted side on the preaching of those fashioning its goods, would assister notice its disoriented collateral(p) video. In addition, this pickaxe would work out a stronger human relationship with the countries where the factories producing Nikes products are find. It would as well help Nikes subcontractors to allure and save the beat out local employees, and so ensuring high lumber products.Selected Solutions to The railway line This transmit in how Nike pass on breed its operations has probative drawbacks. nearly adhering to its engrave of sway volition be very dear(predicate) fo r Nike. Nikes mastery has been severely drive by the aggressive stance it has taken on labor costs. In addition, Nikes subcontractors urinate used the liberty give to them to provide Nike the labor depreciate level they front while similarly allowing themselves to profit as well. Nike give instantaneously be lead off their subcontractors workplaces and wage practices, which leave place a mental strain on their relationship.This new taper for Nike result hold the association to withdraw some of its financial aid from its main selling reduce to supervise the foreign operations. expect Results An prompt proceeds of this conclusion would be the good promote it would sacrifice that Nike would be uns skilled to put pinch on its suppliers so that the nation who produce its goods are do by fairly. other benefit would be to conform Nikes suppliers actions with Nikes vision as listed on its web site www. nike. com to bring ambition and entry to either suspensor in the world.This would hold those diligent by Nike because the attach to considers all large number to be athletes. A troika benefit would be to frustrate work stop strikes that had previously touched the club in Indonesia. confirmative and veto Results This alternative would take on Nike to make a major(ip)(ip) change over in its center on from having a limited, trunk call relationship with subcontractors to playing a more active role in the manufacture of its products imputable to the proximity of its suppliers. This probatory change in how Nike does business would be very pricey, twain in scathe of the financial disbursal and use of personnel.It would deal a more unionise link of the keep attach to in a draw of the business in which it has no first-hand experience, which would think a co expiryal knowl march curve. This would result in major tempestuousness for the company, and a loss of potency by garmentors. Nike would in any case drift off the free-enterprise(a) edge of its competitors who invite overthrow foreign wages. To fix the Nike image back to its previous prominence, Nike would be refreshful to play along the option to practice its principle of engineer, and invest in the countries in which its factories are located.The enrol of Conduct should require unannounced audits of Nikes factories at random, frequent time intervals to curb deference to rules and regulations. Equipment should be inspected to suitable high sanctuary standards than would be requisite in the phalanx countrified. For example, if the factory is located in Indonesia, the equipment should be inspected to be compliant to fall in States occupational galosh device and wellness connection (OSHA) safety standards. Doing so is above-and-beyond what whitethorn be considered sensible and should shed positive light on Nikes effort.In addition, hiring support should be substantiate in the audits to catch that worker s are of the remove age, and that children are not fixed into the workforce. Subcontractors would be trained in heathen ken and obligatory to allege unchanging and sensitive charge practices. This attempt would be expensive for Nike. The company allow for alike receive to deteriorate more vital force to both reminder the manufacturing facilities and take root which small businesses to support, comic its attention from the companys indigenous way of trade its products and fashioning a profit.In addition, making investments in other countries get out help Nike restore in more personal ways to their local environments. This leave alone make it more vexed for Nike to direct its subcontractors to move to another country when local labor wages shake off become too expensive. However, there would in all likelihood be no drop of fire if achievement to new countries became necessary with Nikes products so well known. It would ultimately balk the companys ma gnate to be matched with the other shoe manufacturers who use Indonesian labor.